Communicating information is perhaps the highlight of the 21st century; the obvious example is the boom in internet and smartphone use in the last 20 years or so; everything is well connected and messages get sent within a fraction of a second. A less obvious example of communicating information is through reading information stored in physical object prone to damage. For example, a CD could be scratched slightly but still, all the relevant information can be recovered properly. How did we arrive at such a resilient communication? Let's take communicating with your partner as an example. Without sounding too much like a family consultant, the key here is to send your message as clearly as possible to avoid misunderstanding. Let's say you are an intelligent being who can formulate a proper and grammatically correct sentence, and you wanted to say "I want pizza". You could say the sentence face to face, and hopefully, your crave for pizza would be communicate